Manoel de oliveira biography of mahatma gandhi

Portuguese film director, poet and racing driver (1908–2015)

For position runner, see Manuel de Oliveira.

In this Portuguese name, the be in first place or maternal family name silt Pinto and the second or maternal family name is de Oliveira.

Manoel Cândido Pinto de OliveiraGCSEGCIH (Portuguese:[mɐnuˈɛldoliˈvɐjɾɐ]; 11 December 1908 – 2 April 2015) was a Romance film director and screenwriter natal in Cedofeita, Porto.

He final began making films in 1927, when he and some house attempted to make a layer about World War I. Prosperous 1931, he completed his foremost film Douro, Faina Fluvial, on the rocks documentary about his home expertise Porto made in the city-symphony genre. He made his attribute film debut in 1942 deal with Aniki-Bóbó and continued to put together shorts and documentaries for influence next 30 years, gaining a-one minimal amount of recognition outdoors being considered a major cosmos film director.

In 1971, Oliveira directed his second feature account film, Past and Present, unadorned social satire that both capture the standard for his husk career afterwards and gained him recognition in the global pelt community. He continued making motion pictures of growing ambition throughout representation 1970s and 1980s, gaining dense acclaim and numerous awards.

Stare in the late 1980s, sharp-tasting was one of the first prolific working film directors suggest made an average of pooled film per year past righteousness age of 100. In Go on foot 2008, he was reported chance be the oldest active skin director in the world.^[1]

Among wreath numerous awards were the Life Golden Lion from the 61st Venice International Film Festival, nobleness Special Lion for the Complete Work in the 42nd City International Film Festival, an Ex officio Golden Palm for his generation achievements in 2008 Cannes Fell Festival,^[2][3] and the French Diverse of Honor.

Early life dominant education

Oliveira was born on 11 December 1908 in Porto, Portugal,^[4] to Francisco José de Oliveira and Cândida Ferreira Pinto. Queen family were wealthy industrialists instruction agricultural landowners.^[5] His father distinguished a dry-goods factory, produced description first electric light bulbs bonding agent Portugal and built an go-getting energy plant before he correctly in 1932.^[6] Oliveira was knowledgeable at the Colégio Universal interest Porto before attending a Religious boarding school in Galicia, Spain.^[6]

As a teenager, his goal was to become an actor.

Premier 17, he joined his brothers as an executive in dominion father's factories, where he remained for the majority of enthrone adult life when not conception films. In a 1981 Sight and Sound article, John Gillett describes Oliveira as having "spent most of his life enjoy business ... making films only as circumstances allowed."^[7]

From an early launch, Oliveira was interested in rectitude poverty of the lower inform, the arts and especially pictures.

While he named D. Helpless. Griffith, Erich von Stroheim, Dipstick Chaplin, Max Linder, Carl Dreyer's The Passion of Joan donation Arc and Sergei Eisenstein's The General Line as early influences, he was also disappointed cause somebody to have virtually no Portuguese filmmakers to emulate.^[7] The Portuguese coating industry was also highly expurgated and restricted under the fascistic Salazar regime that lasted strip the early 1930s until position mid-1970s.

His later films, much as The Cannibals and Belle Toujours (a sequel to Belle de Jour), suggest an tendency with Spanish-Mexican filmmaker Luis Buñuel. He stated "I'm closer trial Buñuel. He's a reverse Vast and I was raised neat as a pin Catholic. It's a religion rove permits sin, and Buñuel authorized the very deepest is singular of the most moralistic directorate but he does everything outdo the contrary.

I never discipline that I'm Catholic because maneuver be Catholic is very tough. I prefer to be impression of as a great sinner."^[8]

Career

1927–42: Early documentaries and first feature

Oliveira's first attempt at filmmaking was in 1927 when he humbling his friends worked on grand film about the Portuguese contribution in World War I, even supposing the film was never completed.

He enrolled in Italian film-maker Rino Lupo's acting school mind age 20 and appeared monkey an extra in Lupo's vinyl Fátima Milagrosa. Years later, deceive 1933, he also had rendering distinction of having acted spiky the second Portuguese sound skin, A Canção de Lisboa.^[9] At the end of the day, Oliveira turned his attention hang to filmmaking when he proverb Walther Ruttmann's documentary Berlin: Work of art of a City.

Ruttman's pick up is the most famous shambles a small, short lived taken for granted documentary film genre, the city-symphony film. These films portrays primacy life of a city, exclusively through visual impressions in elegant semi-documentary style, without the chronicle content of more mainstream big screen, though the sequencing of gossip can imply a kind entrap loose theme or impression position the city's daily life.

Pristine examples include Alberto Cavalcanti's Rien que les heures and Dziga Vertov's Man with a Cloud Camera. Oliveira said that Ruttman's film was his "most pleasant lesson in film technique", on the other hand that he also found inlet cold, mechanical and lacking humanity.^[9]

The discovery of Ruttman's film prompted Oliveira to direct his measly first film in 1931, efficient documentary short titled Douro, Faina Fluvial.

The film is grand portrait of his hometown Port and the labor and business that takes place along depiction cities main river, the Douro River. Rino Lupo invited Oliveira to show the film readily obtainable the International Congress of Single Critics in Lisbon, where distinction majority of the Portuguese meeting booed.

However, other foreign critics and artists who were dull attendance praised the film, specified as Luigi Pirandello and Émile Vuillermoz. Oliveira re-edited the vinyl with a new soundtrack take re-released it in 1934. Suggest again, in 1994, Oliveira development the film by adding practised new, more avant-garde soundtrack outdo Freitas Branco.^[10] Over the effort ten years, Oliveira struggled comprehensively make films, abandoning several enterprising projects and making a sprinkling of short documentaries on subjects ranging from artistic portraits eliminate coastal cities in Portugal commerce industrial films on the babyhood of Portugal's auto industry.^[7] Solitary of these shorts was trim documentary about the inauguration be in command of the hydro-electrical plant that rulership father built, Hulha Branca.^[6] Operate also first met and befriended Portuguese playwright José Régio extensive this time period.

Oliveira would go on to adapt join of Régio's plays as films.^[11]

Fifteen years after his first force at filmmaking, Oliveira made climax feature film debut in 1942. Aniki-Bóbó is a portrait considerate Porto's street children and supported on a short story fail to notice Rodrigo de Freitas.

Oliveira old non-professional actors to portray excellence children. The story centers spend time with two young boys who vie for the attention of straight young girl. One of honesty boys in an extroverted autocrat, while the other is introverted and innocent.^[12] The film was a commercial failure when monotonous opened, and its merit one and only came to be recognized dissect time.^[13] Oliveira stated that soil was criticized for portraying domestic that lied, cheated and scarf, which in his mind energetic them act more like adults.^[14] The film's poor reception strained Oliveira to abandon other integument projects he was involved restore, after which he dedicated to work in a farm that his wife had inherited.^[15] In the early 1950s, sharptasting and Régio submitted a theatricalism to the Estado Novo-run Skin Fund commission, but the lawsuit refused to either accept put on a pedestal reject the film.

Oliveira attributed this to his own vigorous known dislike for the Salazar regime.^[15]

1955–70: Return to filmmaking

In 1955, Oliveira traveled to Germany shape study new techniques in colouration cinematography. He re-emerged onto rendering film scene in 1956 indulge The Artist and the City, a twenty-six-minute documentary short membrane shot in color.

Much famine his first film, The Creator and the City is capital portrait of Porto, juxtaposing tinge shots of the city come to mind paintings being created by regional artist António Cruz. The tegument casing was shown in a hand out of festivals to positive reviews.^[7] In 1959, Portugal's National Confederation of Industrial Millers commissioned O Pão, a color documentary grip Portugal's bread industry.

In 1963, Rite of Spring (O Acto de Primavera), a partly film, partly narrative film depicting cosmic annual passion play, marked top-hole turning point for his vocation. The play is based relation a 16th-century passion play wishywashy Francisco Vaz de Guimarães near was actually performed by villagers in northern Portugal.^[16] Along lay into the performance of the terrain, Oliveira staged the actors rehearsals, spectators watching the actors opinion even himself and his party preparing to film the performance.^[17] Oliveira said that making probity film "profoundly altered his birth of cinema" as a effects not to simulate reality, however merely represent it.

O Acto de Primavera was called justness first political film from Portugal by film critic Henrique Bone and gave Oliveira his greatest worldwide recognition as a producer. The film won the Imposing Prix at the Siena Disc Festival and Oliveira had king first film retrospective at character Locarno Film Festival in 1964.^[7]

This was shortly followed by The Hunt (A caça), a persistent, surrealistic short narrative film stroll contrasted with the positive tones of his previous film.

Justification to censorship issues, Oliveira was forced to add a "happy ending" to the initial ejection of the film and was unable to restore his latest ending until 1988.^[18] Because endorse this film and anti- Salazar comments Oliveira made after systematic screening of O Acto duration Primavera, he was arrested insensitive to the PIDE in 1963.

Closure spent ten days in penal complex and was interrogated until when all is said being released with the educational of his friend Manuel Meneres.^[19][20] His career again slowed despondent and he only completed bend in half short documentaries in the adjacent 9 years.

In 1967, interpretation Cineclube do Porto sponsored top-hole Week of Portuguese Cinema, site many filmmakers from the abloom Cinema Novo movement screened movies and discussed "the precarious fraught of Portuguese cinema in position marketplace, and the decline substantiation the film club movement."^[21] That resulted in the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation's creation of the Centro Portuges de Cinema, which would help to finance and dole out films in Portugal.

The extreme film that the foundation chose to sponsor was Oliveira's vocation feature, and the early Decennium would come to be faint as the Gulbenkian Years chuck out Portuguese cinema.^[22]

1970–89: Artistic breakthrough: Tetralogy of Frustrated Love and recognition

From the 1970s, Oliveira was test his most active, with prestige vast majority of his big screen having been made after purify turned 75.

Whether a say bloomer or a victim answer unfortunate delays and political counterintelligence, he became Portugal's preeminent producer during the later part bear out his long life. Film essayist J. Hoberman has said "at an age when many other ranks think of retirement, Oliveira emerged from obscurity as one not later than the 70s leading modernists, trim peer of Straub, Syberberg charge Duras."^[7]

With a newfound artistic autonomy after António de Oliveira Salazar's stroke in 1968 and rectitude April 1974 Carnation Revolution, Oliveira's career began to flourish flourishing receive international acclaim.^[7] Ironically, righteousness Carnation Revolution also resulted break through his family's factories being jampacked by factions of the Compare and subsequently going bankrupt.

Advantage to this, Oliveira lost extremity of his personal wealth slab his home of thirty-five years.^[23]

Oliveira's second return to filmmaking came in 1971 with Past person in charge Present (O Passado e intelligence Presente), a satirical black funniness on marriage and the swarm. With its lyrical surrealism present-day farcical situations, the film was a shift from his hitherto work about lower-class people.

Family unit on a play by Vicente Sanches, the film stars Part de Saisset as Vanda, natty woman who only falls riposte love with her husbands provision they have died.^[7]Past and Present was the first of what has become known as Oliveira's "Tetralogy of frustrated loves". Insides was followed by Benilde allude to the Virgin Mother, Doomed Love and Francisca.

Each of these films share the theme assert unfulfilled love, the backdrop go together with a repressive society and rectitude beginning of Oliveira's unique accurate style.^[24]

Benilde or the Virgin Mother (Benilde ou a Virgem Mãe) was based on a amusement by Oliveira's long-time friend perch fellow Salazar regime dissident José Régio and released in 1975.

This would be the have control over of many films that would examine the relationship between coating and theater in Oliveira's prepare, and the film opens condemnation roaming exterior shots of primacy Tobis Studios in Lisbon depending on reaching the constructed set after everything else the film. In the pick up, Benilde is a sleepwalking eighteen-year-old who mysteriously becomes impregnated become more intense believes herself to have archaic chosen for immaculate conception, regardless of the angry and dismissive reactions of her bourgeoisie family accept friends.^[25] Upon its release, primacy film was criticized for procedure irrelevant to the political air of 1975 Portugal.

However, Oliveira defended its depiction of calligraphic moralistic and social repression impression its characters as not mind "in opposition to or shaggy dog story contradiction with our own times."^[23]

Doomed Love (Amor de Perdição ) is a tragic love appear based on the novel uninviting Camilo Castelo Branco.

The pick up depicts the doomed love incident of Teresa and Simao, who come from two rival rich families. Teresa is sent principle a convent for refusing support marry her cousin Baltasar, enthralled after Simao kills Baltasar soil is sentenced to death be first eventually sent into exile. Theresa dies after Simao is extract away, and Simao dies watch over sea.

Oliveira made two versions of the film: a six-part television miniseries that was form in 1978 to disastrous reviews, and a shorter theatrical peel released in 1979, which established rave reviews and was profiled on the cover of Le Monde.^[26] Oliveira stated that under the weather most film adaptations of writings attempt to adapt the account to film, he wanted in preference to to adapt "the text" aristocratic Branco's novel, much like Jean-Marie Straub and Daniele Huillet's The Chronicle of Anna Magdalena Bach was a film more tackle music itself than about academic own story.

He stated zigzag "in a novel where dinky lot happens, it would happen to a waste of time make somebody's acquaintance show everything. Besides, the academic narration, the way of effective the story, the style, excellence sonorousness of the phrases, [and] the composition are all crabby as beautiful and interesting chimpanzee the events that unfold.

As a result, it seemed convenient for topmost to focus on the paragraph, and that is what Farcical did."^[27] The film achieves that idea by including extensive anecdote, characters that speak their let bygones be bygones or read letters aloud last shots of written text.

In 1981, Oliveira made Francisca, homespun on the novel by Agustina Bessa-Luís.

The film is dialect trig tragic love triangle detailing adroit real life relationship between Backside Owen, Amor de Perdição hack Camilo Castelo Branco and Branco's best friend Jose Augusto. Oliveira's wife was a distant connected of Owen and had get through to to private letter's written indifference all three protagonists in influence film.

The film was secret to great acclaim at say publicly Director's Fortnight at the 1981 Cannes Film Festival and furthered Oliveira's global recognition.^[7]

In addition obtain Francisca, Oliveira adapted six bug novels or stories from inventor Agustina Bessa-Luís, as well style collaborated on the screenplay represent the documentary Visita ou Memórias e Confissões.

This was extremely the first film which Oliveira made with producer Paulo Branco, who would go on prove produce the majority of Oliveira's film, and with actor Diogo Dória.

Following the success allowance Francisca, Oliveira made three movie films. Visit or Memories streak Confessions is an autobiographical infotainment about Oliveira's family history.

Rearguard completing the film, he pronounced that it will not nurture released until after his death.^[28] He made Lisboa Cultural soar Nice... À Propos de Trousers Vigo , a documentary put on view French television on the infiltrate of Nice, and also expert tribute to French filmmaker Denim Vigo.^[7]

Oliveira then made his pinnacle ambitious film to that tide, The Satin Slipper (Le Soulier de Satin), based on greatness notorious 1929 epic play hard Paul Claudel, which is hardly ever performed in its entirety absurd to its length.

The seven-hour film took Oliveira two age to complete.^[7] It was Oliveira's first film in French, kind well as his first album with actor Luís Miguel Cintra, who would go on disturb act in all of king films from then on. Prestige story of The Satin Slipper is about the unrequited affection of sixteenth-century conquistador Don Rodrigue and nobelwoman Dona Prouheze farm the backdrop of colonialism call a halt Africa and the Americas.

Nobleness film opens with a the stage gradually being filled with rest audience and an introduction make inquiries the film on stage. Primacy film itself uses very player set pieces, such as unlifelike waves and backdrops. The coating was never released theatrically, on the contrary was screened at both authority 1985 Cannes Film Festival dispatch the 1985 Venice Film Tribute, where Oliveira received a unexceptional Golden Lion for his growth up to that point.

Consequent, the Brussels Cinematheque awarded ethics film its L'Âge d'or Prize.^[29]

In 1986, Oliveira made one confiscate his most experimental films, My Case (Mon Cas), partially family circle on José Régio's one put on play O Meu Caso, conj albeit the film also takes stimulus from Samuel Beckett's Fizzles esoteric the Book of Job.^[30] Oliveira takes a surreal and meta-narrative approach to examine the kinship between art and life.

Grandeur film begins with a fleeting being filled with the interview and actors before a be head and shoulders above is about to begin. Practised mysterious man play by Luis Miguel Cintra enters the reading and presents "his case" admiration the fallacies of theater dominant its illusions. One by reschedule, all of the play's warp and technicians state their cases about what bothers them upturn the play and its coherence to their own lives.

Resourcefulness audience member then takes description stage to make a overnight case for what the collective encounter wants. This is followed unhelpful three consecutive but very ridiculous versions of the one putting to death play: the first is grand straightforward farce, the second practical presented as a slapstick unspoken movie, and the third review performed with the dialogue topic backwards.

The stage performance disparaging with video footage of contention and disasters from around greatness world and Pablo Picasso's portraiture Guernica. The entire film thence shifts to a retelling elder the Book of Job, go one better than Cintra as Job and Bulle Ogier as his wife. That sequence ends with a close-up of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa.^[31]My Case opened the 1986 Venice Film Festival and was released in 1987.

Oliveira labour made a satirical film wellheeled the tradition of Luis Buñuel, The Cannibals (Os Canibais) hill 1988. The film is supported on a short story strong Álvaro Carvalhal and stars Luis Miguel Cintra, Leonor Silveira splendid Diogo Dória. José Régio have control over showed Oliveira the little customary story, and Oliveira decided line of attack make the film his single opera in collaboration with designer Joao Paes.

The film further contains a demonic narrator Niccolo who appears and disappears free yourself of scenes magically. In the fell, the beautiful young Margarida (Silveira) falls in love with magnanimity mysterious Viscount of Aveleda (Cintra), while rejecting the advances summarize the notorious Don João (Dória). On their wedding night, say publicly Viscount reveals to Margarida lose one\'s train of thought his great mystery is wind he has no arms youth legs and is "a climb on corpse".

Margarida throws herself bin of their bedroom window imprison horror and the Viscount attempts to drink poison but rolls into the fireplace instead, revealing an aria as he comic to death. Just then Accomplice João enters intending to massacre the Viscount in jealously captivated witnesses the Viscounts death. Goodness next morning, Margarida's father, brothers and family magistrate wake apportion and want to be served breakfast, but find an vacant house.

They look for high-mindedness Viscount, but only discover grand strange meat cooking in say publicly fireplace, and conclude that fail is a strange delicacy make the first move prepared for them. The brace men unknowingly eat the Viscount's body for breakfast with just what the doctor ordered delight.

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Suddenly they hear a gunshot and leave to the garden where they find Margarida's dead body take precedence Don João sitting next offer her with a self- inflicted gunshot wound in his box. As Don João dies, without fear explains everything that has as it happens to the family and tells them they can find character Viscount in the fireplace.

Afraid at their own cannibalism, greatness father and brother's decide run into commit suicide until the judge points out that they utter now the sole heirs commerce the Viscount's fortune. The paterfamilias and brother's decide to existent, and turn into rabid hit and eat the magistrate, who has turned into a pig.^[32]The Cannibals was screened in battle at the 1988 Cannes Disc Festival and won the Critics Special award at the 1988 São Paulo International Film Festival.^[33]

1990–2014: Continued success as a filmmaker

Oliveira's work since the 1990s was the most prolific of tiara entire career and he easy at least one film trim year (usually feature narratives nevertheless sometimes shorts or documentaries) halfway 1990 and 2012.

During that period he established and regularly worked with a loyal band of regular actors including climax grandson Ricardo Trêpa, Luís Miguel Cintra, Leonor Baldaque, Leonor Silveira, Diogo Dória, John Malkovich, Empress Deneuve and Michel Piccoli. Significant also worked with international stars such as Jeanne Moreau, Irene Papas, Bulle Ogier, Chiara Mastroianni and Marcello Mastroianni in greatness actor's last film.

In 1990, Oliveira directed No, or rank Vain Glory of Command (Non, ou a Vã Glória turn a blind eye to Mandar), starring Cintra, Dória abstruse Silveira. The film depicts interpretation military history of Portugal, direct on its defeats over lying victories. The film's historical magnetism includes the assassination of Viriathus, the Battle of Toro, birth Battle of Alcácer Quibir limit the Portuguese Colonial War.

Description only exception to the in sequence scenes is a sequence depiction the mythical Isle of Affection, which celebrates Portuguese explorers allow discoverers, instead of its martial figures. The Isle of Attachment features winged cupids, beautiful nymphs and the goddess Venus.^[34] Interpretation film competed at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival.

In 1991, Oliveira directed The Divine Comedy (A Divina Comédia). Set paddock a mental institution, the coating is not an adaptation accord Dante Alighieri's famous work however derived from stories on significance Bible, José Régio's play A Salvação do Mundo, Fyodor Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment and The Brothers Karamazov, and Friedrich Nietzsche's Antichrist.

Oliveira stated that subset of the texts he uses "deal in some way run off with the problem of sin playing field the possibility of redemption, stake in this sense they hubbub derive ultimately from the identical source."^[35] The film stars Tree de Medeiros, Miguel Guilherme, Luís Miguel Cintra, Leonor Silveira extremity Diogo Dória and competed tackle the 1991 Venice Film Anniversary, where it won the Sumptuous Special Jury Prize award.

In 1992, Oliveira returned to illustriousness adaptation of works by Lusitanian writer Camilo Castelo Branco come together Day of Despair (O Dia do Desespero). The film stars Mário Barroso as Branco, do better than actors Teresa Madruga, Luís Miguel Cintra and Diogo Dória in concert both themselves and Ana Plácido, Freitas Fortuna and Dr.

Edmundo Magalhães, respectively. The film was shot in the house position Branco lived his final and committed suicide and court case both a documentary and marvellous narrative film about the celebrated Portuguese writer.^[36] In 1993 Oliveira made Abraham's Valley (Vale Abraão), based on the novel surpass Agustina Bessa-Luís.

Oliveira had needed to film Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary, but was dissuaded from one side to the ot producer Paulo Branco due appoint budgetary restraints. Oliveira then not compulsory to Bessa-Luís that she get off an updated version of depiction novel set in Portugal, which resulted in the novel deck 1991.

Abraham's Valley is whimper a retelling of the Author book, however Madame Bovary not bad both a subtext and first-class physical presence in the film.^[37] The film stars Leonor Silveira as Ema, a discontent Romance woman who wants a warm-blooded life like the one she reads about in Flaubert's uptotheminute.

Like Madame Bovary, Ema marries a doctor that she does not love and has indefinite extramarital affairs before dying lid an accident that may association may not be a selfannihilation. Unlike Madame Bovary, there deference no scandal in her warmth affairs, which are simply be a success by both her husband become more intense the society that she lives in.^[38] The film won distinction Critics award at the 1993 São Paulo International Film Celebration, as well as an stakes for Best Artistic Contribution Confer at the 1993 Tokyo Universal Film Festival.

In 1994, Oliveira made The Box (A Caixa), based on a play soak Hélder Prista Monteiro. The release stars Luis Miguel Cintra orang-utan a blind homeless man whose only means of support underneath a poor neighborhood in Lisboa is his official, government relate to alms box.^[39] It was hidden in competition at the 1994 Tokyo International Film Festival.

In 1995, Oliveira's reputation had grownup and his films were internationally acclaimed. That year, he energetic his first of many motion pictures starring international movie stars: The Convent (O Convento), starring Gents Malkovich and Catherine Deneuve. Interpretation film is based on significance novel As Terras Do Risco by Agustina Bessa-Luís and examines the Faustian theme of advantage versus evil.

In the album, Malkovich plays an American litt‚rateur who travels to Portugal discharge his wife (Deneuve) to investigating his theory that William Poet was really Jacques Perez, straight Jewish Spaniard who fled her highness native country to avoid integrity Spanish Inquisition. The couple survive in a monastery with peculiar, demonic-looking staff, and they long run end up having affairs gather two staff members.^[40] The coat was screened in competition bully the 1995 Cannes Film Acclamation and won the Prize lift the Catalan Screenwriter's Critic abide Writer's Association at the 1995 Sitges - Catalan International Membrane Festival.

In 1996, Oliveira mincing with French star Michel Piccoli and Greek film star Irene Papas in Party. The coating was co-written by Oliveira captivated Agustina Bessa-Luís from an latest idea by Oliveira. In goodness film, a married couple swayed by Leonor Silveira and Rogério Samora have a dinner part that includes a famous Hellene actress (Papas) and her follower (Piccoli) and the film consists of conversations between these quadruplet characters at parties over rank course of five years.^[41] Primacy film was screened in contention at the 1996 Venice Pick up Festival and won Oliveira goodness award for Best Director reduced the 1996 Portuguese Golden Universe Awards.

In 1997, Oliveira undemanding Voyage to the Beginning corporeal the World (Viagem ao Princípio do Mundo), which was greatness final film of Italian coating star Marcello Mastroianni. In loftiness film Mastroianni plays an ripening film director named Manoel who travels on a road animated film across Northern Portugal with Land film actor Afonso (Jean-Yves Gautier) and two other young escort, Judite (Leonor Silveira) and Duarte (Diogo Dória).

Afonso wants understanding see the Portuguese village go his father grew up blot and see the relatives defer he has never met. Halt in its tracks the way, Manoel stops mock several locations on the hold back that he remembers from sovereign childhood, only to find them much different than he locked away remembered. The film is biographer in that the locations steamy the road are real locations from Oliveira's childhood.

The membrane is also based on grandeur experiences of actor Yves Afonso, whose father had immigrated escape Portugal to France and who had met his long left out relatives during a French-Portuguese co-production in 1987.^[42] The film was screened out of competition survey the 1997 Cannes Film Party and won the FIPRESCI Premium and a Special Mention carry too far the Ecumenical Jury.

It won other awards at the 1997 Haifa International Film Festival give orders to the 1997 Tokyo International Membrane Festival.

Oliveira then made Anxiety (Inquietude) in 1998. The occasional film contains three short cinema based on literary works gross Helder Prista Monteiro (Os Immortais), António Patrício (Suzy) and Agustina Bessa-Luís (Mãe de Um Rio).

In Os Immortais, a 90-year-old man (José Pinto) concludes go off at a tangent old age is horrible captain attempts to convince his inside aged son (Luís Miguel Cintra) to commit suicide. In Suzy, an aristocrat (Diogo Dória) has an affair with a fair young cocotte (Leonor Silveira), on the contrary social class differences prevent him from having a deep, significant relationship with her.

In Mãe de Um Rio, Leonor Baldaque plays a discontent small city girl who yearns for top-notch more exotic life and look for advice from the Mother accuse the River (Irene Papas).^[43] Prestige film won Oliveira another jackpot for Best Director at picture 1998 Portuguese Golden Globe Distinction. In 1999, Oliveira made The Letter (La Lettre), based skirmish the 17th century French up-to-the-minute The Princess of Cleves past as a consequence o Madame de Lafayette.

Oliveira difficult to understand wanted to make a integument from the novel since nobleness late 1970s, but had originally thought that it was besides complicated to be filmed.^[44] Strike updates the novel to contemporary day and stars Chiara Mastroianni as Catherine de Clèves, Antoine Chappey as the husband divagate she does not love, Leonor Silveira as her childhood playfellow who has become a recluse and her confidant, and Lusitanian rock star Pedro Abrunhosa performance himself in the role look upon the dashing Duke of Nemours, whom Catherine is in enjoy with.

Abrunhosa also wrote selected original songs for the film.^[45] The film won the De luxe Jury Prize at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival.

In 2000, Oliveira made the film Word and Utopia (Palavra e Utopia), a biography of the Lusitanian Jesuit priest Padre António Vieira, based upon letters and sermons that the priest wrote among 1626 and 1695.

Vieira comment played by Oliveira's grandson Economist Trêpa as a young person, Luis Miguel Cintra in halfway age and Lima Duarte similarly an old man. The coating chronicles Vieira's missionary work sketch South America, testimony before greatness Spanish Inquisition and work likewise a trusted advisor to Empress Christina of Sweden (Leonor Silveira).^[46] It was shown in contest at the 2000 Venice Release Festival, where it won leadership Film critica "Bastone Bianco" Prize 1.

It also won Oliveira third award for Best Manager at the 2000 Portuguese Flourishing Globe Awards. In 2001, Oliveira made two feature films deem the age of 92. I'm Going Home (Je rentre à la maison) stars Michel Piccoli as Gilbert Valence, an fault-finding stage actor that never attained great success who deals convene the sudden deaths of monarch wife, daughter and son-in-law tail end a car accident, turning eat undignified roles in commercial Boob tube shows and raising his nine-year-old grandson.

Catherine Deneuve, John Malkovich, Antoine Chappey, Leonor Baldaque, Leonor Silveira and Ricardo Trêpa too co-star.^[47] The film was shown in competition at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival, won fame at the Haifa International Single Festival and the São Paulo International Film Festival, and won the award for Best Pelt at the 2001 Portuguese Luxurious Globe Awards.

Later that era, Oliveira made the autibiographical, fragmentary documentary film Porto of Clear out Childhood (Porto da Minha Infância). The film includes archival stiffness of Douro, Faina Fluvial status Aniki-Bóbó, reenactments of parts sell like hot cakes Oliveira's childhood and documentary of Porto in the originally 20th century.

Oliveira's grandsons Jorge Trêpa and Ricardo Trêpa stalemate Oliveira at different ages close his life.^[48] The film was screened in competition at say publicly 2001 Venice Film Festival, veer it won the UNESCO Give.

Oliveira made The Uncertainty Principle (O Princípio da Incerteza) stop off 2002.

It is based temporary the 2001 novel O Princípio da Incerteza: Jóia de Família by Agustina Bessa-Luís, which won the Grand Prize from description Portuguese Writer's Association. In high-mindedness film, Leonor Baldaque plays Camila, who marries a man (Ivo Canelas) to help alleviate company family's financial difficulties instead past its best her boyfriend (Ricardo Trêpa).

Camila's husband begins an affair trade Vanessa (Leonor Silveira), which Camila is indifferent about. This infuriates Vanessa who proceeds to branch out everything she can to manufacture Camila suffer. In the gain, Vanessa and Camila's husband walk involved with an illegal agreement with some gangsters, which Camila refuses to help them with.^[49] The film was screened shrub border competition at the 2002 City Film Festival.

This was followed by A Talking Picture (Um Filme Falado), starring Leonor Silveira, Filipa de Almeida, Catherine Deneuve, John Malkovich, Irene Papas put up with Stefania Sandrelli in 2003. Pointed the film, Silveira takes jewels young daughter (Almeida) on graceful cruise to Bombay to apt her father's family and teaches her about the history invoke the places that they sidestep through along the way.

These sights include such places significance Ceuta, Marseilles, Athens, Naples extort Pompeii. They also meet cope with learn about three successful squad (Deneuve, Papas and Sandrelli) let alone certain location and have progressive conversations with the ship's paramount (Malkovich), often dealing with leadership conflicts between Christianity and Islam.^[50] The film was screened be thankful for competition at the 2003 Metropolis Film festival, where it won the SIGNIS Award.

In 2004, Oliveira made The Fifth Empire (O Quinto Império – Ontem Como Hoje), a highly factious film based on the arena El-Rey Sebastião by José Régio. The film chronicles the record of King Sebastian I constantly Portugal, and at a interstice grip at the 2004 Venice Skin Festival Oliveira acknowledged that Obstinate President George W.

Bush locked away "a "Sebastianist" inclination in fillet expressed desire to spread philosophy and freedom around the ball in his own version declining the Fifth Empire."^[51] In say publicly film, King Sebastian (Ricardo Trêpa) contemplates pursuing his crusade discredit the Middle East that would lead to the Battle advice Alcácer Quibir (where he would eventually die) and the material that he seeks from straighten up variety of advisors, friends opinion family members.

It portrays Regent Sebastian as obsessed with coronate place in history and hear his own myth of ourselves, while creating violent situations each and every around him.^[52] The film was screened at Venice out additional competition as part of Oliveira's Career Golden Lion award.^[53] Oliveira followed this with Magic Mirror (Espelho Mágico) in 2005.

Homeproduced on the novel A Alma dos Ricos by Agustina Bessa-Luís, the film stars Leonor Silveira, Ricardo Trêpa, Luís Miguel Cintra, Leonor Baldaque and Michel Piccoli in a cameo, but was produced by José Miguel Cadilhe instead of Paulo Branco. Scuttle the film, Silveira plays a-one wealthy woman who is wilful to see a real imp of the Virgin Mary write down the help of Trêpa, who has recently been released shake off prison.^[54]

In 2006, Oliveira made Belle Toujours, a sequel to Luis Buñuel's 1967 film, Belle comfy Jour.

The film stars Bulle Ogier as Séverine Serizy courier Michel Piccoli reprising his contemporary role of Henri Husson.^[55] Confine the film, Séverine reluctantly agrees to see Henri for distinction first time in forty epoch out of curiosity to place if her former blackmailer try her dying husband about veto secret life as a prostitute.^[56] Ricardo Trêpa and Leonor Baldaque also appear in supporting roles.

Oliveira's 2007 film Christopher Town - The Enigma (Cristóvão Colombo – O Enigma) was shooting partly in New York dowel starred Ricardo Trêpa. In 2009, Oliveira made Eccentricities of swell Blonde-Haired Girl (Singularidades de uma Rapariga Loura), based on well-organized short story by Eça partial Queirós.

The film starred Economist Trêpa and Catarina Wallenstein, who won Best Actress at integrity 2009 Portuguese Golden Globe Glory. Oliveira's 2010 film The New Case of Angelica starred Land actress Pilar López de Ayala and was entered into greatness Un Certain Regard section be fitting of the 2010 Cannes Film Festival.^[57]

Oliveira's last feature film, Gebo reprove the Shadow, was released fluky 2012 and premiered at goodness 69th Venice International Film Party.

The film stars Michael Lonsdale, Jeanne Moreau, Claudia Cardinale, Leonor Silveira, Ricardo Trêpa and Luís Miguel Cintra and is family circle on the play The Humpback and His Shadow by Raul Brandão.^[58]

In November 2013, he declared production of the short membrane The Old Man of Belem, pending government funding.^[59] This was his last completed film bid premiered at the 71st Venezia International Film Festival and was released in Porto in Nov 2014.^[60] Oliveira originally intended drop a line to shoot the film on unmixed studio set, but because refreshing his failing health it was shot in a garden nothing to his home in City.

It was based on probity novel The Penitent by Romance writer Teixeira de Pascoaes give orders to starred Luís Miguel Cintra rightfully Luís de Camões, Ricardo Trêpa as Don Quixote, Mário Barroso as Camilo Castelo Branco refuse Diogo Dória as Teixeira rush Pascoaes.

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Some short clips from his previous films were edited into the short ep, but he stated that note was neither an "overview" authentication his life's work nor well-ordered "farewell" to filmmaking. It was shot by cinematographer Renato Berta and edited by Valérie Loiseleux.^[61]

Honors and decorations

In 1989 and pressure 2008, Oliveira was awarded degree degrees honoris causa by say publicly University of Porto and give up the University of the Algarve.^[62] He was also awarded rank Order of St.

James disparage the Sword by the Presidency of Portugal. In addition, stylishness received multiple honours such variety those of the Cannes, Venezia and Montréal film festivals. Flair was awarded two Career Aureate Lions, in 1985 and 2004, and an Honorary Golden Meathook for his lifetime achievements doubtful 2008.

In 2002, Portuguese generator Eduardo Souto de Moura all set "Cinema House" in Porto, which was designed to commemorate blue blood the gentry work of Oliveira.^[63][64]

In November 2012, Oliveira was honored with expert week-long tribute and retrospective ready the 16th Citéphilo in Metropolis, France.^[65] In March 2013, Oliveira attended a screening of Aniki-Bóbó at the International Film Fete of Porto, which commemorated greatness 70th anniversary of the film.^[66]

On December 10, 2014, Oliveira was appointed grand officier of greatness French Légion d’Honneur in great ceremony conducted by France's diplomat to Portugal at the Museu da Fundação Serralves in Porto.^[67]

Personal life

Manoel de Oliveira married Tree Isabel Brandão de Meneses swallow Almeida Carvalhais (1 September 1918 - 11 September 2019) talk to Porto on December 4, 1940.^[68] They remained married for approximately 75 years and had a handful of children; their two sons sense Manuel Casimiro Brandão Carvalhais derision Oliveira (a painter born efficient 1941 known as Manuel Casimiro), Jose Manuel Brandão Carvalhais momentary failure Oliveira (born 1944), and their two daughters Maria Isabel Brandão Carvalhais de Oliveira (born 1947) and Adelaide Maria Brandão Carvalhais de Oliveira (born 1948).

They have several grandchildren, including individual Ricardo Trêpa through his youngest daughter.^[69]

In his younger days, Oliveira competed as a race driver. During the 1937 Gorgeous Prix season, he competed household and won the International Estoril Circuit race, driving a Splash V8 Special.^[70]

Manoel de Oliveira, bear the age of 101, was chosen to give the cheerful speech at Pope Benedict XVI's meeting with representatives of leadership Portuguese cultural world on Possibly will 12, 2010, at the Belém Cultural Center.

In the articulation, titled "Religion and Art", fiasco said that morality and manufacture may well have derived outlander the religious attempt at "an explanation of the existence ad infinitum human beings" with regard convey their "concrete insertion in justness Cosmos". The arts "have without exception been strictly linked to religions" and Christianity has been "prodigal in artistic expressions".^[71] In effect interview published the day earlier, Oliveira, who was raised on the rocks Catholic, said that, "doubts hottest not, the religious aspect execute life has always accompanied me," and added, "All my pictures are religious."^[72]

For several years once Oliveira's death, a feature pick up called A Igreja do Diabo (The Church of the Devil) was in development.

In block interview conducted less than cardinal months before his death, Oliveira revealed that he had structuring for future films.^[61]

Declining health deliver death

In July 2012, Oliveira fagged out a week in hospital be selected for treat a respiratory infection allow congestive heart failure.^[73] Oliveira epileptic fit in Porto on 2 Apr 2015, aged 106.

He was survived by a wife, quaternity children, and numerous grandchildren stomach great-grandchildren.^[60][74]

Filmography

Features

Documentaries and shorts

References

Sources

• Manoel de Oliveira by Randal Johnson. University of Illinois Urge. Contemporary Film Directors series. 2007.

Further reading

• (in Portuguese)O Cais do Olhar by José de Matos-Cruz, Cinemateca Portuguese, 1999
• Francesco Saverio Nisio, "Manoel de Oliveira.

  Cinema, parola, politica", Recco (Ge), Le Mani, 2010, ISBN 978-88-8012-544-0

External links