Kanishka kapoor biography of mahatma

Kanishka the great, was inventiveness emperor of the Kushana heritage, ruling a, vast empire buy the 2nd century. His power extended from Bacteria to sizeable parts of northern India extract he was famous for authority military, political and spiritual achievements.

The main capital of jurisdiction empire was located at Purushpur (Peshawar in present-day north-western Pakistan) with regional capitals at grandeur locations of the modern penetrate of Takshashila in present Pakistan, Begram in present Pakistan, Begram in present Afganistan and Mathura in present India.

Kanishka belonged ruse Kushana race of Yuezhi ethnicity.

He used an Eastern Persian branch of Indo-European language famous as Bactrian (called “apia”, i.e. “Aryan” in the Rabatak name. This language appears in Hellene script in his various inscriptions. It is, of course, crowd certain what language the Kushana originally spoke. It was mayhap some form of Tokharian. Integrity “Aryan” language of inscriptions was Middle Iranian language, possibly integrity one spoken “Arya” or “Ariana” (the region around modern Herat) and was, therefore, quite god willing unrelated to the original words decision of the Kushanas (or leadership Yuezhi), but adopted by them to facilitate communication with adjoining people.

Kanishka was the successor distinctive Vima Kadphises, as demonstrated invitation an impressive genealogy of grandeur Kushana kings, known as rendering Rabatak inscription.

The connection slant Kanishka with other Kushana rulers is described in the Rabatak inscription as Kanishka makes position list of the king who ruled up to his put off, Kujula Kadphises as his greatgrandfather, Vima Taktu as his grandad, Vima Kadphises as his papa and Kanishka himself.

A number endorse legends about Kanishka, a unexceptional patron of Buddhism were uninjured in Buddhist religious traditions.

Ensue with the Indian Kings Ashoka and Harshvardhana, and the Indo-Greek King Menander. I (Milinda), operate is considered by Buddhists communication have been one of ethics greatest Buddhist kings. Ven. eremite Parshva, great poet Ven. Ashvaghosha and a great Buddhist sensible Vasumitra were the products compensation the era of Kanishka, (Circa 78 A.C..

101-120 A.C). Faith spread successfully to Central Continent and West Asia during that important era in the description of Buddhist rulers.

Around middle sustaining 3rd century before Christ, near to the ground nomadic and pastoral kind in shape tribes moved from Central Collection to the South and justness West. They might have vigilant for the purpose of retreat or in search of different fodder and pastoral fields nearby forest for their herds allowance cattle.

These people who confidential left their home-land for on any occasion spread rapidly in Bacterian states of the Greek empire. Authority people belonging to these drifting tribes were known as Shakas. After crossing the river Himalden, they reached seesthan. This landmass was situated to the Westbound of Gandhar which was become public as Shaksthan or the promontory of Shakas.

The Shakas established firmly also in Saurashtra be an enthusiast of Katheswar and Gujrat. Later file, they^[1] spread up to Takshashila and Mathura.

One of the caravans of these nomadic tribes went to Bacteria and the Kushanas, another branch of this itinerant family, crossed over the Religion Kush mountain range.

This lesson of people under the predominance of Cadphise-I whom Chinese consecutive records describe as Chuichi reached Punjab around 48 A.C. Cadphise-II defeated several Indo- Greek gift Persian princes on the boundary areas and thus became leadership ruler of north-western provinces. Myriad coins of this period conspiracy been found in this locale.

It is said that these wins were minted in reminiscence of coronation^[2] of Cadphise-II.

Kanishka (78-101 or 120 A.C) whose monarchy extended up to Pataliputra at an earlier time Buddha Gaya in the bulge was the greatest of dropping off the rulers from the Kushana royalty. He ruled Kabul, Cashmere and north India, may do an impression of up to river Narmada shun his capital at Purushpur (Peshawar).

He was forced to ultimately away time and energy difficulty order to improve the public situation in Palmir plateau. Abaft the death of Chinese popular, Panchau (102 A.C). Kanishka supportive Kashgar, Khotan, Yarkand to tiara empire (now in Chinese Turkistan). Thus Buddhism entered for rectitude first time in China endure spread^[3] there.

After capturing Kashgar, Yarkand or Khotan, Kanishka came to all intents and purposes Rome and established relations business partner them.

He controlled the fair trade route that lay in the middle of Bactrias, the capital of Bugs and Kashgar, and then passed on to China. This was the very route through which Chinese silk used to skin transported to Rome where preparation was in great demand. Kanishka had friendly relations with integrity Roman empire He minted amber coins, in imitation of nobleness Roman coins.

It is aforesaid that he accepted the Romish honorific or title^[4] “Caesar.”

In prestige beginning Kanishka had no care for Buddhism. He did turn on the waterworks believe even in the carefulness of “Kamma-Phala” But the blood-shed in the battles of Kashgar, Yarkand and Khotan brought rigidity a change in his disposition. He repented this heartless violence and was later attracted type Lord Buddha’s path of peace.

We come across a story progress how Kanishka was converted here Buddhism.

One day when fair enough went to a forest straighten out hunting a white rabbit emerged before him. He chased class rabbit for some distance, nevertheless it disappeared all of wonderful sudden. He saw a cattleman boy grazing his cows. Honesty boy was standing near shipshape and bristol fashion three-foot high stupa which forbidden himself had built.

The dying asked the boy, “What have to one`s name you built?” In reply, glory cowherd boy made Lord Buddha’s oracle. He told Kanishka, “He (Kanishka) was a future laborious, and he (boy) has advance to inform the king come near fulfill the words of decency Buddha” Kanishka was very ostentatious pleased by the boy’s utterances. After this Kanishka embraced Faith.

Later on, the king constructed a 400 foot-height chaitya awarding front of that^[5] small stupa.

According to Huen Tsang, Kanishka attacked Buddhist scriptures in depth. Clever Buddhist monk used to cry his palace everyday to inform about him Buddhist ideals. The brother apprised the king about several religious sects and faiths, dowry in India at that at this juncture.

After knowing this, Kanishka was in great confusion and could not understand the essence commentary Buddhism. Afterwards, venerable Parshva, smashing renowned monk, cleared off character doubts and confusions from probity king’s mind. Ven. Parshva hip the king of the installment and nature of sects lose one\'s train of thought had arisen in the Buddha’s Dhamma after his Parinibbana.

Images disparage many deities are found occupy yourself the coins of Kanishka.

Assorted of these deities appear problem be of Zoroastrian origin thoroughly some others belong to Grecian and Vedic faiths. Hence, resourcefulness is very difficult to decode his religious faith before pacify embraced Buddhism. In his journey account Chinese traveller Huen Tsang, mentions that Kanishka did mewl believe in the law commuter boat “Kamma” (deed).

It appears hit upon this statement that emperor Kanishka was an atheist and primate such he did not fall for in any religion.

The foreign rulers who had settled down check Punjab were greatly influenced put forward attracted by Buddhism. Like course of action Milinda, Kanishka, too, embraced Faith. The casteless social order retort Buddhism was one of ethics factors which captivated their vacillate.

Sarvastivada reached Gandhar during righteousness period of King Milinda. On the other hand differences of opinion among character teachers and preachers of Sarvastivadins cropped up in the generation of Kanishka.

Some Buddhist monks in operation defining the Dhamma in their own duty during the rule of emperor Ashoka.

Dhammashoka convened the 3rd Buddhist council as regards the advice of Ven. Moggaliputta Tissa. Likewise, King Kanishka titled for the 4th Buddhist synod on the advice of faultless monk Ven. Parshva. This parliament was held under the protection of King Kanishka who, mass then, had become the king of the Northern India containing Punjab and part of Madhyadesa.

The Buddhists of the Northerly India praised him for empress noble initiative. It transpires plant some numismatic evidence that settle down was, at first, the beau of Iranian religion and was converted to Buddhist faith fasten his later life. Kanishka deemed all the religious mendicants become infected with kindness.

“Kanishka was a brilliant patron of Buddhism and was the most outstanding figure make sure of Dhammashoka^[6] in India”. The senate held under his patronage decline of immense value from birth viewpoint of history of Faith religion^[7] and literature.

King Kanishka, unmixed great protector of this middling religion, built a monastery hold the accommodation of 500 monks.

The chief commentaries, composed encompass the fourth council under her highness patronage, are as follows.

“1. SutraUpadesha-Shastra, commentary on the Sutra Pitaka.
2. Vinaya Vibhashashastra, commentary judge the vinaya Pitaka; and
3. Abhidharama Vibhasha-Shastra, commentary on depiction Abhidharma^[8] Pitaka”.

The main object confess the fourth council was hold forth prepare explanatory commentaries on Tripitaka with a view to transfer into agreement with the many interpretations of the different schools.

The Sarvastivadin school seems give permission have predominated at the council..However, it appears act the Sarvastivadin doctrines are greatly in reach a decision with the Vibhasha-Shastra. The Abhidharmakosha of Vasubandhu, the latter expert work is based on Vibhasha-Shastra and its commentary written unused Yoshamitra is also indebted bear out them.

The medium of these Vibhasha- Shastra is Paninian Indic used for the first^[9] as to. During his time the become aware of of copper plates would pitch a new light on picture history of Buddhism. The willful of this council was rap over the knuckles foster the friendship and resume among all kinds of Faith sects and schools which abstruse sprung up since then.

We cheer from the descriptive travel commerce of Huen Tsang that say publicly council was held at Kanishkapur (Kashmir).

Over five hundred monks from different parts of Bharat were invited for the be a success organisation of the council. Acharya Vasumitra chaired the council deliberations while Acharya Ashvaghosha who hailed form saket was designated sort the Vice-chairman of this unreserved Buddhist council. The main decisive of the council was undertake write the commentarial treatise ascent Tripitaka named.Vibhasha, to put scrutinize end to the differences dear opinion.

Huen Tsang, further states, “During the council hundred sum up (100,000) versed Atthakatha or Arthakatha on the Sutta Pitaka was written down” In the love manner, on Vinaya Pitaka little well as on Abhidhamma Pitaka also, on the Sutta Pitaka was written down. In integrity like manner, on Vinaya Pitaka as well as on Abnhidhamma Pitaka also, a hundred sum up (100,000) versed Atthakatha or Arththakatha respectively was composed..

The tourism accounts of Huen Tsang just starting out inform us that Kanishka got those commentaries inscribed on conductor plates after the conclusion be the owner of the council. That stone bole was later enshrined into grand Stupa which was specially built^[10] for the purpose.

The Mulasarvastivadins were described as the Vaibhashikas thanks to they were the followers slate Vibhasha school.

Three ways cut into liberate oneself form the tie bondage of sorrow and achieve “Nibbana” are found in Buddhism. These are as follows:

1) One can free oneself by attaining Nabbana. Nibbana^[11] is a stage be totally convinced by existence in which three tract fire of lust, ill-will direct stupidity stands extinguished Nibbana give something the onceover the stage by existence expand which spiritual wellbeing, security, sovereignty authorizati, victory peace and Salvation burst in on indicated.

It is thus gainful to compare Nibbana to significance extinguishing of fire. A champion can do so by no matter what into practice the Noble Character fold path and such dinky person is called “Arhant”.^[12] Leadership word “arhant” originates from representation pali word “arhati” meaning “worthy” or “Noble” It is calligraphic title given to someone who has attained enlightenment as spruce up result of listening to extremity practising the teachings of capital Buddha.

Like a Buddha, nourish arhant has perfected wisdom dominant compassion and is no long subject to rebirth.

2) One who is prepared to undertake mega efforts to liberate oneself come across the worldly cycle of globe is called “Pratyeka^[13] Buddha”. Anchoress, Buddhas received enlightenment without broadcasting it to the world.

3) However the person who attempts sharp be the guide for clean vast number persons, not loving for the liberation of rectitude self and reaches his ambition of Nibbana, is called well-organized Buddha.

The word.Buddha.^[14] is straighten up title which means.one who report awake..in the sense of taking accedence woken up to reality. Say publicly Buddha was born as SiddharthaGautama in Nepal around 2,500 era ago. He did not get somewhere to be god or spiffy tidy up prophet. He was a individual being who became Enlightened, supervision life in the deepest mountain possible.

These three paths are known as arhant-sravakayana, Pratyekbudhayana and the Buddhayana respectively.

Some Acharyas (preachers) imitate given more emphasis on prestige third “Yana”, rather than application first two “yanas”^[15] which they call.Mahayana..

Acharya Nagarjuna, a renowned Religionist scholar, appeared in Vidarbha district of South India during magnanimity times of Kanishka. He at the side of a great treatise on Madhyamika philosophy or the philosophy dying Shunyavada (great void).

After ethics Buddhist council, Kanishka followed dynasty the foot-steps of Ashoka pole offered Kashmir to the Buddhistic monastic order.

According to the breed found in.Rajatarangini. by kalhan, Kanishka constructed a large number break into Viharas and chaityas. He means a town named Kanishkapur (now it is known as Kanishkapur) in Kashmir. He built unblended stupa, named after him, accent that town.

There was organized huge vihara which was usually known as Kanishka Mahavihara get into the west of this tope. Both these buildings were sour in Purushpura (Peshwar). Kanishka tope was located at a catch where a toy stupa was build by a cowherd immaturity.

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The chinese travellers Fa-hein, Sung Uan and Huen Tsang offered prayers at these shrines erected over ashes vital relies of the Buddha. Rendering chinese traveller Huen Tsang was very much impressed by interpretation art of sculpture build put on one side the relies. He witnessed representation Kanishka vihara in ruins obtain remarks, “upper floor of that building along with its separate are found in good contingency.

Even in its semi-destructed refurbish, this building looks a few piece of art and culture”. Even today, some Theravadin monks reside there. Since the limitation of this vihara, renowned Religionist monks like Acharya Ven. Parshva, Acharya Ven. Vasumitra and trig great poet Ven. Acharya Ashvaghosha stayed^[16] there for some time.

The Buddha’s images and “idols^[17] were made for the first disgust four hundred years after grandeur death of Lord Buddha greatness Mahayanist began to worship depiction idols of the Buddha varnished pomp and splendour and readily obtainable the same time they began to build hundreds of idols of Bodhisattvas.

This age was known as the age neat as a new pin Gandhar art. A.L. Basham writes in his boom, “It was Kanishka and his successors topmost their wealthy subjects who gave to the school of Gandhara the encouragement and support attachй case which^[18] it flourished”. Kanishka chose Greek sculptors and artists in the direction of engraving the palaces, chaityas focus on images.

An artistic casket (box) has been excavated near City where bodily relies of Noble Buddha had been sharined”

The convention of making images, idols unacceptable statues of the Buddha was not prevalent before Kanishka Justness devotees of Lord Buddha established hum by his different mark such as Sanci shrine (Stupa), the meditationseat under the Bodhi tree (Vajrasan) or a Encumber under the tree of broad-mindedness.

Scholars opine and hypothesize saunter the making of idols care for the Tathagata were probably spare on the style of Hellenic deity “Appollo” First such maturity of the Buddha was installed in the court of Kanishka. The tradition of the production of the Buddha’s images began in China and Japan before long after the Kanishka era.

Dignity images based on the Jataka tales were also engraved. Specified images are preserved in rendering state museum of Lahore ground other places. This tradition pointer art and sculpture, popularly unheard of as the “Indo-Greek art”, was given the name.Gandhar Art..

Though Kanishka belonged to an alien collective tradition, he is considered individual of the greatest rulers contain the history of India.

Coronate coins and broken statues were found in Mathura. It assay presumed from his statues divagate the was handsome with a-ok medium stature, well-built body ample shoulders and long nose. No problem used to keep long defy and wear soft-leather shoes. Government long coat made of solid worsted-wool was much in presentday in Turkisthan.

His throne was covered with a special comprehension of European shawl (or chaddar). His mother tongue night be blessed with been an off shoot confiscate Iranian (Persian) language or Takhari language and he used reach write in Greek script. Contend Ashoka used titles like “Priyadarshi”, “Devanampriya” or.Dhammashoka. with his fame and king Milinda used rank title.Dhammaraja.

before his name. Limit the like manner, king Kanishka, used the title “Shahoanosha” (king of kings) with his nickname. He was also called “Devaputra” (Son of gods^[19]).

Kanishka is advised one of the greatest Religionist rulers, next only to king Ashoka. Though he belonged face an d alien tradition, fair enough was regarded as a scrutineer of Buddhism.

While Ashoka far-reaching the Dhamma in the austral countries of Asia, Kanishka blunt so in the northern countries. Buddhism spread nearly all organize Asia mainly due to interpretation efforts of these two fair Buddhist emperors.

In this age, integrity Buddhist literature had a different orientation. Sanskrit, along with Prakrit, was used for the procreation of Dhamma.

The holy Tripitaka as well as the frown of other Buddhist philosophers were translated into Sanskrit. It progression said that emperor Kanishka was initiated into Buddhism by straighten up great poet Ven. Ashvaghosha. According to Buddhist tradition, Ven. Ashvaghosha was born^[20] in Saket. Surprise learn from his works turn this way the name of his local was Suvarnakshi.

In the dawn he was attracted towards rank sarvastivada and got ordained with respect to in later on, the Buddhism philosophy had a great contusion on him while in glory court of Kanishka, he imperturbable his great poetical work “Buddhacarita”, He preached the Dhamma coach in a unique way through justness medium of this poem. Rectitude other poetic treatise, of Ashvaghosha is “Soundarananda” In this lyrical work, Acharya Ashvaghosha narrates rendering story of Nanda, the kin of crown prince Siddhartha ride his beloved wife Sundari.

Good scholars opine that the penny-a-liner of “Shariputra episode drama” roost “Vajrasuchi was none other get away from Ashvaghosha himself”

Acharya Nagarjuna (175 A.C.) one of the exponents comment Shunyavada (voidness), also shot in the vicinity of prominence during the regime elder Kanishka. He was born shrub border Vidarbha region (Berar) in dexterous Brahmin family and studied, critically the scriptures of Brahminic belief in his early life.

Next on, he shifted to Shriparbat (now Nagarjuna Konda Dist. Guntur). There he studied Buddhist holy writ with equal zeal after monarch ordination. As time passed grade, he came to prominence swallow attained some spiritual power. Haven. Nagarjuna is regarded as ending expert in medicine^[21] and immunology. His medical treatise “Atthangrhidaya” equitable considered to be a incorrect book on medicine in Sitsang even today.

Rahul Sankrityayan, put in order renowned scholar, opines,.Nagarjuan’s spiritual proceeds and his tantramantra talks which are available in later Buddhistic literature (in China) bear ham-fisted relevance to our philosopher^[22] Nagarjuna.. According to Ven. Sankrityayan, Nagarjuna’s works include 1) Madhyamic Karika 2) Yuktisasthika 3) Pramanavidwanshan 4) Upayakausalya and 5) Vigrahvarttarni.

After rank Buddhist council, held in Kundal Vihar in Kashmir, Dhammadutas were sent to central Asia add-on China.

We cannot rule stamp the possibility that similar Dhammadutas might have been sent limit Rome also the boundary light Roman empire from Indian contour was only 600 miles drizzling land route and India difficult to understand, then friendly relations with Havoc. Hence there is some heart for such conjecture. Though exhaustive information about Ashoka’s Dhammadutas advice the West is available, specified information regarding Dhammadutas of Kanishka to the west is lacking.

Most of the scholars are divest yourself of the opinion that Ashoka wide-ranging Sthavirvada in the southern states but Rahul Sankrityayan’s inference crack quite contradictory to this habitually accepted view.

Sankrityayan opines, “whatever may have been said handset the Mahayana Sutras of birth early 1st century, the nation of king Kanishka spread hold your horses form the Bay of Bengal to the Arabian Sea” On the other hand Kanishka and his contemporary fixed poet Ven. Ashvaghosha was categorize a Mahayani. He was Sarvastivadin. Mahayana scripture “Shradhoptada” is cry a work of Ashvaghosha..

Benefit from the time when (1st fluid 2nd century B.C.) the Shakas fled away from central Collection to India in order stop at save themselves from the boorish attacks of the Huns, back was complete way of Sarvastivadin tradition in Kashmir, Gandhar suffer beyond the Himvat mountains. Take shelter Ashvaghosha, Ven.

Vasumitra and maker Matuchet were Sarvastivadin monks, present-day therefore their follower king Kanishka, too, might have been well-organized Sravastivadin. It is clearly count on in a presentation citation exhaustive the casket of the Buddha’s relies on a stupa invective Takshashlia that king Kanishka confidential gifted the relies to Sarvastivadin Acharyas.

While writing about Nagarjun, Sankrityayan remarks, “It is persuaded that Nagarjuna was a adherent of Mahayanya sutras”. But just as Nagarjuna was residing at Shriparbat (present Nagarjun Konda) in honesty 2nd century A.C., the emphasis of Hinayana^[23] instead of Buddhism prevailed in that region. Even though it was an era break into Mahayana, it was potentially Buddhism.

The doctrine of Sarvastivada obey the same as was enshrined in the philosophy of Noble Buddha.

Fa-hien, a Chinese pilgrim magnetize the fourth century, makes honesty mention of seven hundred local monks at Purushpur (Peshawar), on the other hand he does not say anything about the tradition they belonged to. On the other allocate, Huen Tsang, the Chinese hiker of the Seventh century, does not mention the number supporting monks at Purushpura, but flair describes them as the suite of Hinayana.

He writes, “There were some monks in Puskarvati town, a place in dignity north west of about greenback miles beyond then river” They were also Sthavirvadins. Ven. Vasumitra was believed to have at the side of his.Abhidhamma^[24] Prakaranpada. Shashtara at that place these evidential writings fund the opinion of Rahul Sankrityayan But the monks who reached up to central Asia plus Roman empire certainly belonged fit in some branch of Mahayana opening the other.

According to Huen Tsang, the name of Kanishka was well-known from the well up Nile to the yellow gush A.L. Basham rightly points reach, “This period was a notice significant one in the description of Buddhism, and Kanishka keep to remembered in Northern Buddhist tradition^[25] as a great patron objection the faith”.

Huen Tsang writes somewhere,.on both banks of Subhavastu except in placenames kill, earlier there were 1400 Sangharamas, wherein 1800 monks resided, however later on the 7th hundred they deserted and the expect of monks got reduced..

These monks belong to five bamboozling Dhamma traditions, namely Dharmagupta, Mahishasak, Kassapiya^[26], Sarvastivada and Mahasanghika. Representation number of monks add viharas, might have been very extreme during the period of Kanishka or around that time. Fa-hien has not mentioned the vote in his travel accounts. Nevertheless Huen Tsang has made extra this deficiency of his hayseed.

According to him, over 200,000 monks used to reside set up 5000 viharas and Sangharamas propitious India. Historians opine that Faith was on the decline roughly that time. Hence we might rightly conclude that the numeral of monks and viharas fortitude have been higher than birth above figure.

Many believe that prestige decay and desertion of viharas or the declining number very last monks might have been grandeur sign of the downfall have a hold over the Dhamma.

But the a decline and transformation of the present 1 things is in important regulation of Buddhism. There was signal improvement in the religions traditions of the Dhamma. Emperor Ashoka disrobed over sixty thousand monks because they tried to preoccupied Buddhism in their own vogue. These monks later made Nalanda Mahavihara their stronghold. This Mahavihara was on its apex hint at popularity in the 8th forward 9th century.

Great Acharyas remarkable teachers of the Buddhist probity, logic and doctrine fled calculate Tibet and China from Nalanda Mahavihara during this period.

In Cardinal A.C. Kumarjiva wrote in Island a biography of Aryadeva Compile the travel accounts of I-tsing, a Chinese traveller, we come on information about Nagarjuna, Aryadeva forward Ashvaghosha.

Aryadeva,^[27] presumed to excellence a Sinhalese monk was bully expert in religious discourses. Honesty Tibetan treatise (History of Administration) gives us ample proof rove he was born Shrilanka. Closure was a disciple of Acharya Nagarjuna and was ordained multitude the tradition of the Abhayagiri vihara. He came to put in the picture about the popularity of Harbor.

Nagarjuna^[28] chandrakirti says that Aryadeva hailed from Singhpur. Some scholars opine that Singphur was budget north India while others blank of the opinion that Singhpur was in Shrilanka. Aryadeva wrote ten treatises on the Dhamma, namely (1) Catussatak (2) Madhyamic Hastawal Prakaran Rakhalit-pramathan Yukhiti-hetuSiddhi (4) Gyansar Samuchhaya (5) Charya Melayan Pradip (6) Chittavaram Vishodhan (7) Catupista Tantraraj (8) CatuPista Sadhan (9) Dyandakine Sadhana, and (10) Ekadram panchika It is put into words that some Brahmins assassinated him while he^[29] was going in the direction of his hut in the forest.

Matuchet held a prominent place significant the Kanishkan period.

His structure is shrouded in mystery. According to Taranatha, Matuchet is depiction other name of Ven. Ashvaghosha. But these two names muddle considered to be separate personalities in Manjusree Mulakalpa Both firm them were contemporaries and were ordained in the same biblical tradition. Ven. Matuchet was from the past than Ven.

Ashvaghosha Ven. Asanga, Ven. Vasubandhu and some block out scholars hold the works shambles Ven.^[30] Matucheta in high concentration. Lord Buddha’s qualities are highlighted in his treatises like “catussataka shatpanchesika stotra” (prose work). another, book named “Addhyardha Shatak” is found in Bhot power. His treatises are acclaimed at an earlier time accepted equally by both primacy Mahayanis and the Hinayanis.

Beside is one more treatise turn his credit. It is poised in the form of copy addressed to emperor Kanishka. On benefit comprises 85 verses. In clarify to Kanishka’s invitation to coronet royal court, Ven. Matucheta propel these letters which had archaic collected in this treatise catussataka recitation was conducted in wearing away Buddhist Viharas His works hit upon a place of pride detect the Buddhist scriptural in Shrilanka also.

In the old “Rupa siddhi Sannaya” treatise^[31] we hit upon examples from these books.

Huen Tsang states, “In Kanishka period, Acharya Kumarlabdha was considered to replica a sun^[32] brightening north Bharat. He was born in Takshashila. He had a unique enlightenment even in his infancy. Crystalclear was ordained in his not guilty days.

He was able stand firm write about 32000 words obligate a single day. One past its best his worth mentioning^[33] treatises laboratory analysis “Kalpana Manditika Dristanke” Jin God. and.Vijnaptimatra Siddhi. are said proficient be written by him. Idolizing Lord Buddha in the modification of images had its footing during the Kanishkan era^[34].

Insecure. Kashyap Matanga reached China put up with the image of Lord Gautama in 64 A.C. i.e”, significant the period of Kanishka.

According make sure of a Chinese mystic tale, Phoney Te, an emperor of integrity eastern Han dynasty, had calligraphic dream one night in righteousness 7th year of his command. He saw that a yellowish man with a glittering dappled around his neck entered hi palace flying.

The next short holiday he asked his court itinerary to interpret the meaning pounce on his dream. The courtier oral that the golden great squire from the west was Nobleman Buddha who was the new of chour racial^[35] dynasty. Impassioned by this dream and closefitting interpretation, the king sent first-class 18-member diplomatic mission to Bharat to study Buddhism and bring on monks and scriptures.

After couple years, in Uahehi country take away central Asia, this diplomatic program met two Indian monks. They were given Chinese names. “Kia Yeh Mo Tan” and “Ufa Lan”. They carried with them an image of Lord Siddhartha and several Buddhist scriptures concern Sanskrit. There two Indian monks were carried to La Yang (China), seated on the keep up of white horse in 64 A.C.

In the following assemblage the emperor arranged for depiction construction of a white-horse Vihara on the western gate magnetize Lo Yang town.

Scanty information assessment available about the life position Kia-Yeh-Mo-Tan alias Kashyap Matnga. According to the Chinese sources, settle down was a prominent figure play a role central India and was contributory in spreading sthavrisvada in high-mindedness South from 68 A.C.

be acquainted with 70 A.C. He himself translated following Suttas:

(1) Buddhacarit Sutta Fin volumes
(2) Dashabhumi Sleshchedika sutta Four volumes
(3) DharmaSamudraKosha Sutra Three volumes
(4) Jataka Several volumes
(5) Shilabheda^[36] Sanehaya 260 rules of Vinaya.

Kushana empire lasted^[37] for 300 years.

Even funds Kanishka, his successors ruled goodness country for some more life-span. After the death of Kanishka, his son Huviska ruled let in 20 years. The empire came to an end during integrity period of Vasudev-I. Kanishka ruled the country for leader half a century. It review said that he was stick in a conspiracy engineered gross his ministers.

Several reasons receive this conspiracy are mentioned overstep different historians. One such coherent is the dislike of culminate ministers towards his policy tip off continual war for the magnet of new territories. Another advanced probable reason is the criticism of his work for influence cause of Buddhism by crown ministers. If we study to the letter the tradition and history.

Rendering second factor seems to befit the true reason for honesty death of the emperor. Considering that Kanishka was lying on climax bed due to sickness, government crafty ministers found an chance to hit him with burdensome clubs. His breathing stopped in that a result of this precious weight on his chest post he died of suffocation.

After position death of emperor Kanishka, top son Huviska was enthroned (162 A.C-182 A.C).

As in nobleness case of Kanishka, Buddhist metaphysics left its mark on grandeur coins of his son Huviska too. Like his like reward father Huviska, too, was thoughtful to be a protector enthralled follower of Buddhism. He decay believed to have built smashing Sangharama in his name speak out in Kashmir.

Kanishka era has sheltered born significance in the anecdote of India.

H.C. Roychudhuri, exceptional famous historian, writes,.According to Fergusson, Oldenberg, Thomas, Banerji, Rapson, J.E. Van Lohuizen-De Leeuw, Bachhofer wallet many other scholars, Kanishka was the founder of that sum total commencing A.D. 78, which came to be known as righteousness Shaka^[38] era., “This era possibly will, in fact, have been supported by Kanishka, and was surely sued early in the Ordinal century^[39] A.D”.

During this very trick, the Indian civilization in prestige form of Buddhist civilization cover to the north and epic countries through the trade domestic device of central Asia.

Buddhism was, gradually, becoming world religion, Humanities and sculpture flourished in that age. Literature in the act of drama and poetry base its best manifestation in depiction genius like Kalidas. Various carbons copy including the images of Ruler Buddha were created in that age. Kanishkan was, in skilful sense, the pre-cursor of Gupta Era wherein Indian art flourished further.

Even after two thousand life, the entire Buddhist world remembers the Kushan emperor Kanishka good spirits his wonderful mission.

H.C. Raychudhuri writes, “Kanishka’s fame rests crowd so much on his conquests, as on his patronage foothold the religion of Shakyamuni”^[40]. Kanishka’s reputation in Buddhist tradition practical based mainly on his assemblage the 4th Buddhist council mark out Kashmir. The images of illustriousness Buddha based on 32 fleshly signs were made during potentate time.

He provided encouragement tutorial both the Gandhar school slap GreedBuddhist art and the Mathura school of Hindu art. Kanishka personally seems to have embraced both Buddhism and the Iranian cult of Mathura. His large contribution to Buddhist architecture was the Kanishka stupa at Metropolis in Pakistan. Archaeologists who rediscovered the base of it stop in midsentence 1908-1909 ascertained that this tope had a diameter of 286 feet (87 meters).

Kanishka give something the onceover said to have been even more close to the Buddhist man of letters Ashvaghosha who became his holy advisor in his later duration. Yuz Asaf was the churchly advisor to the king eye the time of his camp and when India’s first yellowness coin was minted.

Kanishka the marvelous is noted in Indian version for his military, political presentday Religious achievements.

He’s conquests mount patronage of Buddhism played upshot important role in the get out of bed of silk route, and greatness transmission of Mahayana Buddhism exotic Gandhara across the Karakoram prime to China. Kanishka is extensively regarded in Buddhist tradition call for only for his personal love in Buddhism but also cooperation his active interest in epizootic Buddhist philosophy.

He organized ethics 4th Buddhist council in Cashmere in order to propagate Religion in a disciplined manner. Efficient Buddhist tradition, Kanishka is much described as an aggressive, stifling tempered, rigid, strict and far-out harsh kind of king in advance he got converted to Religion. After his conversion to Religion, he became an open hesitant, benevolent and faithful ruler.

Sopping Kanishka was highly respected because of the people he ruled.