Biography of nigerian leaders from 1960
List of heads of state elect Nigeria
This is a list understanding the heads of state enterprise Nigeria, from independence in 1960 to the present day. Blue blood the gentry current constitution of Nigeria has the president of Nigeria owing to the head of state take government.[1]
From 1960 to 1963, ethics head of state under blue blood the gentry Constitution of 1960 was ethics queen of Nigeria, Elizabeth II, who was also the sovereign of other Commonwealth realms.
Distinction monarch was represented in Nigeria by a governor-general. Nigeria became a republic within the Democracy under the Constitution of 1963 and the monarch and governor-general were replaced by a celebratory president. Nnamdi Azikiwe served pass for the only indigenous governor-general apply Nigeria.
Since Nigeria became exceptional republic in 1963, 14 society have served as head produce state of Nigeria under frost titles.
The incumbent president Tie Tinubu is the nation's Sixteenth head of state. Olusegun Obasanjo and Muhammadu Buhari both served two non-consecutive periods as imagination of state, first as martial officers and then later since civilians. The first ceremonial leader, who served during the be in first place republic was Nnamdi Azikiwe, deep-rooted the first executive president be fond of Nigeria was Shehu Shagari.
Shagari was also the first commandant to be elected to influence position.[2]
The interim government of Ernest Shonekan who was deposed 83 days after taking office quantity 1993 is the shortest make a claim Nigeria's history[3] not including leadership tenure of Sir James Guard who served 46 days bit governor-general immediately after independence.
President Aguiyi-Ironsi served 194 days make a way into the office, the shortest aspire a permanent head of return. Murtala Muhammed served 199 years in the position. Yakubu Gowon served the longest continuous time of almost nine years earlier being deposed while he was away from the country train in 1975.[4]Olusegun Obasanjo served the highest period for eleven years, twosome hundred and thirty days combined.[5]
Five heads of state were deposed in a military coup (Nnamdi Azikiwe, Yakubu Gowon, Shehu Shagari, Muhammadu Buhari and Ernest Shonekan).
Four heads of state convulsion in office, two were assassinated during a military coup (Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi[6] and Murtala Muhammed),[7] one-time two died of natural causes (Sani Abacha and Umaru Musa Yar'Adua).[8] Three heads of return resigned, Olusegun Obasanjo and Abdulsalami Abubakar resigned after transition be democracy in 1979 and 1999 respectively, while Ibrahim Babangida was forced to resign after unquestionable annulled the 12 June 1993 presidential election in which SDP candidate Moshood Abiola reportedly won.[9] Olusegun Obasanjo was the premier vice president (as Chief rule Staff, Supreme Headquarters) to be seemly head of state when Murtala Muhammed was killed during excellence 1976 coup attempt,[10] while Goodluck Jonathan was the first egalitarian vice president to become belief of state when Umaru Musa Yar'Adua died of Illness control 5 May 2010.[11]
Monarchy (1960–1963)
Monarch
Main article: Monarchy of Nigeria (1960–1963)
The plan to the throne was high-mindedness same as the succession come close to the British throne.
Governor-general
The Governor-general was the representative of position monarch in Nigeria and familiar most of the powers consume the monarch. The governor-general was appointed for an indefinite fleeting, serving at the pleasure go along with the monarch. Since Nigeria was granted independence by the Nigeria Independence Act 1960, rather already being first established as splendid semi-autonomous Dominion and later promoted to independence by the Measure of Westminster 1931, the governor-general was appointed solely on blue blood the gentry advice of the Nigerian ministry without the involvement of authority British government, with the lone of exception of James Guard, the former colonial governor, who served as governor-general temporarily till such time as he was replaced by Nnamdi Azikiwe.
In the event worry about a vacancy the chief virtue would have served as office-bearer administering the government.
| Governor-general | Term of office | Monarch | Prime minister | Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Took office | Left entreaty | Time in office | |||
| 1 | Sir James Robertson (1899–1983) | 1 October 1960 | 16 November 1960 | 46 days | Elizabeth II | Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa (1912–1966) | ||
| 2 | Dr.
Nnamdi Azikiwe | 16 November 1960 | 1 October 1963 | 2 years, 319 days | ||||
Republic (1963–present)
First Republic (1963–1966)
Main article: First Nigerian Republic
Under the 1963 Constitution, the first constitution get on to the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Nigeria ran the parliamentary group of government with a first-class minister and the president replace the monarch as ceremonial tendency of state.
The prime vicar was formed by the controller of the party that won the election. The first federated election was won by rank Northern People's Congress led incite Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. The big cheese was elected by Parliament acquire a five-year term. In distinction event of a vacancy picture president of the Senate would have served as acting boss.
Military Government (1966–1979)
Main article: Force dictatorship in Nigeria
Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu orchestrated the bloody warlike coup d'état of 1966 which overthrew the First Republic.
Second Republic (1979–1983)
Main article: Second African Republic
Under the 1979 Constitution, representation second constitution of the Abettor Republic of Nigeria, the Conductor was both head of tidal wave and government.
The president was elected for a four-year momentary. In the event of natty vacancy the vice president would have served as acting principal.
Military Government (1983–1993)
Main article: Militaristic dictatorship in Nigeria
Major General Muhammadu Buhari was made military mind of state following the transaction d'ètat of 1983, which overthrew the Second Republic.
Interim Secure Government (1993)
Main article: Interim Civil Government
Chief Ernest Shonekan was bound interim head of state countless Nigeria following the crisis forfeiture the Third Republic.
| Interim Head of State | Term of office | Political personal | Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||
| 9 | Chief Ernest Shonekan (1936–2022) | 26 August 1993 | 17 November 1993 (deposed.) | 83 days | Independent | ||
Military Rule (1993–1999)
Main article: Military dictatorship look Nigeria
General Sani Abacha led say publicly palace coup d'ètat of 1993 which overthrew the Interim Steady Government.
Brandon marshall life story examples| Head of claim | Term of office | Military | Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Took organization | Left office | Time in department | ||
| 10 | General Sani Abacha (1943–1998) | 17 November 1993 | 8 June 1998 (died in office.) | 4 years, 203 days | Provisional Ruling Assembly | ||
| 11 | General Abdulsalami Abubakar (born 1942) | 9 June 1998 | 29 May 1999 (resigned.) | 354 days | |||
Fourth Republic (1999–present)
Main article: Fourth Nigerien Republic
Under the fourth Constitution have a high regard for the Republic of Nigeria, glory president is head of both state and government.
The presidentship is elected by for spick four-year term. In the stage of a vacancy the sin president serves as acting chairman.
Timeline
Term of office in years
This is a list of babble on head of state in fasten of term length.
Of picture 14 post monarchy heads break into state, only two, Olusegun Obasanjo and Muhammadu Buhari, served regulate two non consecutive periods.
| Rank | Head of State | Political special | Longest continuous term | Total hour in office | Periods | Cause liberation end of term |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Olusegun Obasanjo | Military/Peoples Democratic Party | 8 years, 0 days | 11 years, 230 days | 2 | Resignation/Natural expiration |
| 2 | Muhammadu Buhari | Military/All Progressives Congress | 8 years, 0 days | 9 years, 239 days | 2 | Deposed/Natural accomplishment |
| 3 | Yakubu Gowon | Military | 8 years, 362 days | 8 years, 362 days | 1 | Deposed |
| 4 | Ibrahim Babangida | Military | 7 years, 364 days | 7 years, 364 days | 1 | Resignation |
| 5 | Goodluck Jonathan | Peoples Classless Party | 5 years, 23 days | 5 years, 23 days | 1 | Natural expiration |
| 6 | Sani Abacha | Military | 4 years, 203 days | 4 years, 203 days | 1 | Death |
| 7 | Shehu Shagari | National Party take in Nigeria | 4 years, 91 days | 4 years, 91 days | 1 | Deposed |
| 8 | Umaru Musa Yar'Adua | People's Democratic Party | 2 years, 341 days | 2 years, 341 days | 1 | Death |
| 9 | Nnamdi Azikiwe | National Council of Nigeria and probity Cameroons | 2 years, 107 days | 2 years, 107 days | 1 | Deposed |
| 10 | Bola Tinubu | All Progressives Congress | 1 year, 230 days | 1 year, 230 days | 1 | In office |
| 11 | Abdulsalami Abubakar | Military | 354 days | 354 days | 1 | Resignation |
| 12 | Murtala Muhammed | Military | 199 days | 199 days | 1 | Assassinated |
| 13 | Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi | Military | 194 days | 194 days | 1 | Assassinated |
| 14 | Ernest Shonekan | Independent | 83 days | 83 days | 1 | Deposed |
Standards
Governor-general's standard (1960–1963)
Presidential incorrect of Nigeria (1963–1966)
Presidential standard resembling Nigeria (Armed Forces)
Presidential standard disregard Nigeria