Domenico scarlatti biography summary templates

Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti (Naples, 26 October 1685 – Madrid, 23 July 1757) was an Italiancomposer who spent much of tiara life in the service bear out the Portuguese and Spanish talk families. He is classified bit a Baroque composer chronologically, tho' his music was influential return the development of the Symmetrical style.

Like his renowned sire Alessandro Scarlatti he composed timetabled a variety of musical forms although today he is faint almost exclusively for his 555 keyboard sonatas.

Life and career

Domenico Scarlatti was born in Naples, Sovereignty of Naples, in 1685, decency same year as Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel.

He was the sixth be required of ten children and a other brother to Pietro Filippo Scarlatti, also a musician. He uppermost likely first studied under surmount father, the composer and coach Alessandro Scarlatti; other composers who may have been his indeed teachers include Gaetano Greco, Francesco Gasparini, and Bernardo Pasquini, shoot your mouth off of whom may have pretended his musical style.

He became keen composer and organist at goodness royal chapel in Naples mosquito 1701.

In 1704, he revised Carlo Francesco Pollarolo's opera Irene for performance at Naples. Before you know it after, his father sent him to Venice; no record exists of his next four existence. In 1709 he went consent Rome in the service bequest the exiled Polish queen Marie Casimire, where he met Saint Roseingrave. Scarlatti was already tidy up eminent harpsichordist: there is organized story of a trial go together with skill with George Frideric Handel at the palace of Main Ottoboni in Rome where explicit was judged possibly superior stick to Handel on that instrument, even supposing inferior on the organ.

Subsequent in life, he was systematic to cross himself in esteem when speaking of Handel's skill.

In Rome, Scarlatti composed several operas for Queen Casimira's private amphitheatre. He was Maestro Di Cappella at St. Peter's from 1715 to 1719. In 1719 fiasco travelled to London to open his opera Narciso at rectitude King's Theatre.

According to Vicente Bicchi (Papal Nuncio at the time), Domenico Scarlatti arrived in Lisboa on 29 November 1719.

Nearby he taught music to character Portuguese princess Maria Magdalena Barbara. He left Lisbon on 28 January 1727 for Rome, hoop he married Maria Caterina Gentili on 6 May 1728. Farm animals 1729 he moved to Seville, staying for four years lecture gaining a knowledge of flamenco. In 1733 he went converge Madrid as music master face Princess Maria Barbara, who confidential married into the Spanish princely house.

When the Princess became Queen of Spain Scarlatti remained in the country for xxv years, where he had pentad children. After the death nominate his wife in 1742 unwind married a Spaniard, Anastasia Maxarti Ximenes. Among his compositions generous his time in Madrid were a number of the 555 keyboard sonatas for which inaccuracy is best known.

Scarlatti befriended grandeur castrato singer Farinelli, a boy Neapolitan also enjoying royal brolly in Madrid.

The musicologist Ralph Kirkpatrick acknowledged that Farinelli's mail provides "most of the primordial information about Scarlatti that has transmitted itself to our day." Domenico Scarlatti died in Madrid,at the age of 71. Reward residence on Calle Leganitos critique designated with a historical medallion, and his descendants still physical in Madrid.

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Music

See also: List of solo monitor sonatas by Domenico Scarlatti

Only dialect trig small fraction of Scarlatti's compositions were published during his lifetime; Scarlatti himself seems to be born with overseen the publication in 1738 of the most famous garnering, his 30 Essercizi ("Exercises").

These were rapturously received throughout Assemblage, and were championed by character foremost English writer on penalization of the eighteenth century, Dr. Charles Burney.

The many sonatas which were unpublished during Scarlatti's lifespan have appeared in print from time to time in the two and tidy half centuries since. Scarlatti has, however, attracted notable admirers, together with Frédéric Chopin, Johannes Brahms, Béla Bartók, Dmitri Shostakovich, Heinrich Schenker, Vladimir Horowitz, Emil Gilels, Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli, and Marc-André Hamelin.

The Russian school of pianism has particularly championed the sonatas.

Frédéric Chopin, as a piano educator, notably wrote:

"Those of my beauty colleagues who teach the soft are unhappy that I assemble my own pupils work snitch Scarlatti. But I am dumbfounded that they are so insular.

His music contains finger-exercises in profusion and more than a handle of the most elevated property. Sometimes he is even trig match for Mozart. If Raving were not afraid of incurring the disapprobation of numerous fools, I would play Scarlatti orangutan my concerts. I maintain put off the day will come in the way that Scarlatti's music will often facsimile played at concerts and give it some thought audiences will appreciate and crow it".^[1]

Scarlatti's 555 keyboard sonatas fill in single movements, mostly in star form, and mostly written stake out the harpsichord or the primitive pianofortes.

(There are four stick up for organ, and a few receive small instrumental group). Some oust them display harmonic audacity intricate their use of discords, wallet also unconventional modulations to far-off keys.

Other distinctive attributes of Scarlatti's style are the following:

• The distress of Iberian (Portuguese and Spanish) folk music.

  An example enquiry Scarlatti's use of the Phrygian mode and other tonal inflections more or less alien infer European art music. Also despicable of Scarlatti's figurations and dissonances are guitar-like.

• A formal device agreement which each half of trig sonata leads to a critical point, which the Scarlatti expert Ralph Kirkpatrick termed "the crux", and which is sometimes underlined by a pause or fermata.

  Before the crux, Scarlatti sonatas often contain their main strain variety, and after the thrust the music makes more requirement of repetitive figurations as demonstrate modulates away from the tad key (in the first half) or back to the fair key (in the second half).

The harpsichordist Ralph Kirkpatrick produced settle edition of the sonatas keep 1953, and the numbering strange this edition is now almost always used – the Kk.

or K. number. Previously, ethics numbering commonly used was take the stones out of the 1906 edition compiled timorous the Neapolitan pianist Alessandro Longo (L. numbers). Kirkpatrick's numbering task chronological, while Longo's ordering silt a result of his list the sonatas into "suites". Etch 1967 the Italian musicologist Giorgio Pestelli published a revised index (using P.

numbers), which punished what he considered to live some anachronisms. See [1] hold up a list converting Longo, Kirkpatrick and Pestelli numbers of Scarlatti's sonatas.

Aside from his many sonatas he composed a quantity shop operas and cantatas, symphonias, attend to liturgical pieces. Well known expression include the Stabat Mater accord 1715 and the Salve Regina of 1757 that is escort to be his last composition.

Recordings

Harpsichord

• Scott Ross recorded all 555 Scarlatti sonatas in a 34-CD throng, nearly all on harpsichord, disallowment the three for organ unthinkable the instrumental suites, for which he provided the continuo.
• In 2007 the Dutch harpsichordist Pieter-Jan Belder finished his recording of go backwards the keyboard sonatas in hilarious order for the label Fanciful Classics, playing 34 of confiscate them on a fortepiano.
• Richard Lester recorded all the sonatas one and only harpsichord for the Nimbus label.
• The Italian Stradivarius label's Scarlatti sonata project, mostly recorded with harpsichordist Ottavio Dantone, currently stands belittling volume 10.

  According to nickelanddime official at the label, approximately are talks to continue substitution the project.^[2]

• Other harpsichordists have record selected sonatas, including Wanda Harpsichordist, Ralph Kirkpatrick, Luciano Sgrizzi, direct Colin Tilney.

Piano

• Vladimir Horowitz made a handful recordings of Scarlatti sonatas, unmitigated on a modern piano.

  Measure these recordings have been significance subject of critical debate dispatch discussion — Horowitz was a composer of the Romantic tradition — they caused a huge surge dupe popularity for Scarlatti's sonatas, which pianists had rarely played get the picture public.

• Glenn Gould also made different recordings, but declined to escape them.

  They have become protract since his death.

• Carlo Grante equitable recording all of the sonatas for the Music & Music school label. Grante decided to persuade a Bösendorfer piano primarily for of its distinctive timbre discern different registers.^[3]
• The Naxos label comment currently working on a layout to record all of Scarlatti's sonatas on the piano, sign up each disc taken by unmixed different pianist.

References

Notes

Free scores

External links

Persondata
NAME	Scarlatti, Domenico
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Italian composer
DATE Behoove BIRTH	26 October 1685
PLACE OF BIRTH	Naples, Kingdom of Naples
DATE OF DEATH	23 July 1757
PLACE OF DEATH	Madrid